Axillary vein
Vena axillaris
The axillary vein forms at the inferior border of teres major, where the basilic vein joins the brachial veins. It ascends on the medial side of the axillary artery and becomes the subclavian vein at the lateral border of the first rib.
Overview
The vein runs on the medial (front) side of the axillary artery and the cords of the brachial plexus, inside or close to the axillary sheath. Its tributaries match the branches of the axillary artery. It also receives the cephalic vein, which reaches it after piercing the clavipectoral fascia. It contains valves.
Anatomy
- Tributaries
The basilic vein and brachial veins (which form it), the cephalic vein, and veins that match the branches of the axillary artery, including the lateral thoracic, subscapular and circumflex humeral veins and the thoracoepigastric vein.
Function
- Drains the entire upper limb, the lateral chest wall and the breast.
Clinical significance
Axillary lymph node dissection
In breast cancer surgery, the axillary vein marks the upper limit of the lymph node dissection.
Venous access and thrombosis
Pacemaker leads and long lines can be inserted through the axillary vein. Effort thrombosis can extend into it from the subclavian vein.
Compiled from standard anatomy and physiology references — see the Cardiovascular System sources. For education only; not medical advice.